Why did you watch that ad, buy that silly fixie or commit that murder? Understanding your own motivations for your behaviour can be…difficult.
I’ve never murdered a person, but I would imagine it would be quite a ‘high involvement’ task. Even the most brazen and seemingly spontaneous murder would require a degree of thought and planning. However, put a murderer in a room and ask them why they did it and, well you may as well run a focus group and ask them why they liked a particular ad on TV.
It occurred to me when watching a police interview with a recent murderer (there are loads on youtube) the police had no idea what questions to ask this chap, and this chap had no idea what to say to explain his behaviour.
Police: Why did you feel the need to kill her?
Murderer: I don’t know
Police: So why did you feel the need to kill any of the girls?
Murderer: I don’t know. I don’t know. I don’t know.
Sound familiar? Done any qualitative ad testing lately?
How about this? On Twitter (@FritzBachen) I asked the question “Why would anyone buy a Fixie (a bike with one gear) other than to be cool? What I got back was hilarious.
Hipster 1: “You feel closer with the road.”
Hipster 2: “You feel more at one with the machine.”
Hipster 3: “It wont break down.”
Hipsters everywhere trying to grab at anything other than the truth – they bought it to be cool, and fit in with all the other feeble minded hipsters. The murderer and the Feeble Minded Hipster (FMH) have a lot in common. They don’t have enough insight or motivation to tell the real reasons for their behaviour for self-report measures to be accurate.
So in truth, we rely on self-report measures in marketing not because they are accurate but because they are easy – they are available. Now lets look at ad testing:
Moderator: Why did you like that ad?
Focus group junky: I don’t know….it was funny.
And so we learn that we need to make the ad funny. It’s not that the ad needs to be funny – its just the only thing the consumer can say when asked to analyze their own behaviour “I like funny things”. Frankly they don’t know. This is captured beautifully in this clip that has people analyze and “improve” the iconic Apple 1984 TVC.
What’s the alternative? It’s tricky. It involves understanding the causal relationship between the piece of communications and the behaviour change you have in mind. Any thoughts on how to do this would be greatly appreciated.
So let me finish this rambling little piece by saying I’m a huge believer in research, and a massive supporter of focus groups – but only when they are used for the right purpose. We ran focus groups in the prison, to help inmates talk about particular issues and uncover insights used to develop behaviour change programs. Same goes for qualitative research. Do it, but do it up front in the process not when you’re evaluating stuff. Self-report is a lousy research tool when the subject matter is murder, it’s even worse when it’s about what cereal tvc will make me buy more cereal.
This article appeared in the latest issue of Adnews
Comments
barry
Mar 7th, 2011lot of circular logic in this piece.
People who ride fixies do so because they think they're cool, therefore people who ride fixies are hipsters, therefore they're feebs, therefore their responses are invalid?
Isn't it possible that some people who ride fixies aren't hipsters? Including, i dunno, professional cyclists?
to say nothing of the massive problem with using 'hipsters' as a sociological grouping when it's nothing but a cliche used to deride a poorly defined, massively variable generational grouping.
Ralph
Mar 8th, 2011Joining Barry’s bandwagon above [cyclists who aren’t hipsters who love the concept of a fixie - i.e. a pure epitome of the bicycle itself], I’d point out that a popular craze often (though not always) has some valid justification behind it.
I remember the yo-yo craze at primary school. Catalyzed by the cool kids, for sure; but that’s not to say that the yo-yo isn’t/wasn't always a properly rad toy!
I suppose what your post rightly points out is that without the cool kids' endorsement, I might not have experienced the joys of 'walking the dog' with a Yomega Powerspin. And of course it's pinpointing that initial moment of attraction that is of most interest to marketers.
Fritz Bachen
Mar 8th, 2011@barry thanks for the post – i find it a bit silly though. Im using the term hipster to imply somone silly enough to buy a unpractical bike just to be cool. If they are buying the bike for other reasons – then jolly good (and if they are buying it to be cool – and they are aware of it then jolly good for them too – its quite a legitimate reason to do something.
@ralph all im trying to point out is that people are shit at understanding why they purchase what they purchase. They don't understand the reasons, they cant explain them, and they are often dissatisfied – yet keep making the same mistakes.
I'll bet that 95% of all fixie's have dissatisfied owners within 2 weeks and that there is a massive market for cheap second hand fixies.
Bob Ho
Mar 8th, 2011Fritz – sorry for the essay, but this is a particular interest of mine. I find it frustrating that so many marketers and senior agency personnel don't get it, or use research inappropriately.
I agree with the principles of what you're saying about the application of research, and a lot of problems (when they do arise) come down to a one or more of the usual suspects:
1) Unclear or lazy objectives and lack of thought in preparation, which gets glossed over or forgotten afterwards. The flawed results are then held up as being gospel (qual. & quant.).
2) Research conducted for the wrong reasons, particularly when marketers use it as a crutch to make decisions they've not had the courage or experience to make themselves (qual. & quant.).
3) Similarly, a reliance on research to make decisions it's simply not capable of doing – not least because research is almost always inherently artificial, and does not genuinely attract a representative "real world" cross-section of personality types (qual. & quant.)
4) Qualitative being treated as robust quantitative research. Amazingly, I've actually seen a reputable research company present %s and graphs from 2×6 person focus groups – then see the client treat them as statistically definitive (qual.).
5)The wrong, poorly worded, or standard (i.e.: lazy) questions being asked that try to force results into a predetermined format – losing focus on the need for "insight" (qual. & quant.).
6) A moderator who doesn't read the room or listen properly to what lies underneath responses, then isn't flexible enough to delve and adapt during the focus group (qual.).
7) An increasing client need for instant answers, without allowing adequate time for analysis and interpretation of the "real" meaning in responses (qual. & quant.).
8) An ability for clients and agency personnel to latch on to red herrings, then use them as the basis for building strategy (qual. & quant.).
I've probably left one or two out, but intelligently applied research can be your greatest ally. Otherwise it can rapidly become an albatross around your neck.
With your comments about fixies, whilst there is clearly a fashion element to many of them, they can actually be quite a practical and inexpensive mode of transport – so to dismiss them all as impractical or silly suggests a lack of consumer insight ..!
Fritz Bachen
Mar 9th, 2011Bob Ho your comments are appreciated. However, your comments about Fixies at the end are weird. Fixies are more expensive than a normal bike and MUCH harder to operate (no gears). Not practical and not cheap compared to many freely available alternatives (a geared bike). Its weird to say there is a lack of consumer insight to suggest this.
Bob Ho
Mar 9th, 2011Weird? Nope. Insightful? Yes.
A fixie can be practical and economical, in that they require minimal maintenance and have much less to go wrong than other bikes. These are the main reasons they began (and remain) as the bicycle of choice for bicycle couriers – known for their frugality and practicality.
With my two geared bikes, the biggest expense after purchase is the regular adjustment, servicing and maintenance to the additional moving parts: gears, cables and derailleurs.
Although there are some stupidly expensive fixies to buy, much as with all kinds of bicycles, they can be a lot cheaper than other bikes.
They're also relatively easy to build, and I know a few people who have done so for $100-200 with salvaged parts.
I'm currently converting an old 10-speed road bike to a fixie, with a budget of $100 – to have a bike that I can lock and leave anywhere without fear of it being stolen or damaged, as well as for its no-nonsense simplicity.
As for being "MUCH harder to operate" because there's only one gear, that lack of additional gears makes it much simpler to operate. As counter-intuitive as that might seem, most regular cyclists only use one or two of the gears they have.
I ride a road bike regularly and have a hybrid for bike trails or running errands. Both are ridden at the hardest gear for at least 90% of the time, rarely using more than the neighboring two gears on the steepest of hills.
Fixies, with their lack of freewheeling, feel a lot more connected and there's no wasted energy – which also makes it seem easier, with the momentum you have, in pedalling uphill.
Your generalisation about fixie owners seems targeted at the fashion victims and higher end, "trendy" fixies one sees displayed next to the super light $9,000 road bike in bike shops. Those same pastel-coloured fixies are the ones populating fashion and design store retail displays or catalogues at the moment.
There are so many variations and budget levels with all kinds of bikes, that to label every fixie rider as a "feeble-minded hipster" is a bit like describing all car drivers as though they only drove a BMW M3.
Laura
Mar 24th, 2011Hi,
Just on this 'consumers don't understand WHY they purchase what they purchase'… Is this not a factor of the human brain in that such a significant proportion of what drives decision and motivation is non conscious and cannot be articulated….?? Hence, if asked in a focus group the reasons as to WHY something is done, the response will invariably be missing a lot!
Fritz Bachen
Apr 2nd, 2011@Bob Ho Im convinced – I was being overly sweeping in my statements. There appears to be a lot of logic (and new information to me) in what you'e said. However, of all the fixies being sold at the moment I still beleive most are being sold at inflated prices to feeble minded hipsters who'll stop using them shortly.
@Laura Agree (I think that was the purpose of the post??)
Lynton
Apr 20th, 2011Bob Ho certainly knew how to explain his beahviour – would you have found that out Fritz without this small sample of responses?
Even the most inappropriate of research tools can yield informative insights it seems!
www.ciudad-real-3d.com
Oct 10th, 2011Very worthwhile piece of writing, thank you for your article.
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